:root {
  /* KU's official school color is PANTONE 202C; these are web-friendly approximations. */
  --crimson: #8a1538;
  --crimson-dark: #5f0b27;
  --crimson-soft: #f7edf1;
  --ink: #171717;
  --muted: #666;
  --line: #e5e5e5;
  --paper: #fff;
  --soft: #f7f7f7;
  --max: 1120px;
  --shadow: 0 12px 36px rgba(40, 0, 12, .08);
}

* { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }
body {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--paper);
  line-height: 1.7;
}
a { color: var(--crimson); }
img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }

.site-header {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 100;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.91);
  backdrop-filter: blur(14px) saturate(1.2);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(138,21,56,.12);
}
.top-nav {
  max-width: var(--max);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: .85rem 1.25rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1.25rem;
}
.brand { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: .75rem; text-decoration: none; color: var(--ink); }
.brand-mark {
  color: var(--crimson);
  font-size: 1.55rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .08em;
  border-right: 1px solid rgba(138,21,56,.32);
  padding-right: .85rem;
}
.brand-text { display: flex; flex-direction: column; line-height: 1.2; }
.brand-text strong { font-size: .98rem; }
.brand-text small { margin-top: .18rem; color: var(--muted); font-size: .66rem; }
.nav-links { list-style: none; margin: 0 0 0 auto; padding: 0; display: flex; gap: .1rem; align-items: center; }
.nav-links a { display: block; padding: .48rem .62rem; border-radius: .4rem; color: #333; text-decoration: none; font-size: .88rem; }
.nav-links a:hover { color: var(--crimson); background: var(--crimson-soft); }
.nav-links .nav-join { color: #fff; background: var(--crimson); margin-left: .35rem; padding-inline: .9rem; }
.nav-links .nav-join:hover { color: #fff; background: var(--crimson-dark); }
.nav-toggle { display: none; margin-left: auto; border: 0; background: transparent; padding: .4rem; }
.nav-toggle span { display: block; width: 23px; height: 2px; background: var(--ink); margin: 4px 0; }

.hero {
  position: relative;
  min-height: 535px;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  overflow: hidden;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(138,21,56,.12);
}
.hero-media {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 78% 30%, rgba(138,21,56,.13), transparent 28%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 24% 70%, rgba(138,21,56,.08), transparent 31%),
    linear-gradient(135deg, #fff 0%, #fbf8f9 48%, #f4e7ec 100%);
}
.hero-overlay { position: absolute; inset: 0; background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255,255,255,.25), transparent); }
.hero-content { position: relative; max-width: 880px; padding: 5rem 1.25rem; text-align: center; }
.hero-kicker { color: var(--crimson); font-size: .78rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .16em; }
.hero h1 { margin: .65rem 0 .1rem; color: var(--crimson); font-size: clamp(3.5rem, 10vw, 7rem); line-height: .95; letter-spacing: -.055em; }
.hero-subtitle { margin: .6rem 0 1.1rem; font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 2.2vw, 1.65rem); font-weight: 600; }
.hero-copy { max-width: 720px; margin: 0 auto; color: #4b4b4b; font-size: 1.04rem; }
.hero-actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: center; gap: .85rem; margin-top: 2rem; }
.btn { padding: .66rem 1.25rem; border: 1.5px solid var(--crimson); border-radius: .42rem; text-decoration: none; font-weight: 600; font-size: .9rem; }
.btn-primary { color: #fff; background: var(--crimson); }
.btn-primary:hover { color: #fff; background: var(--crimson-dark); border-color: var(--crimson-dark); }
.btn-secondary { color: var(--crimson); background: rgba(255,255,255,.75); }
.btn-secondary:hover { background: var(--crimson-soft); }

.site-main > :not(.hero), .home-content { max-width: var(--max); margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }
.site-main { min-height: 70vh; }
.home-content { padding: 2.5rem 1.25rem 5rem; }
.page { max-width: var(--max); margin: 0 auto; padding: 3rem 1.25rem 5rem; }
.prose { max-width: 860px; }
.narrow { max-width: 760px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 3rem 1.25rem 5rem; }
h1, h2, h3 { line-height: 1.25; letter-spacing: -.02em; }
h1 { font-size: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3rem); }
h2 { margin-top: 2.7rem; font-size: 1.65rem; }
h3 { font-size: 1.08rem; }
.section-head { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: end; gap: 1rem; margin-top: 2.5rem; }
.section-head a { font-size: .88rem; text-decoration: none; }
.muted { color: var(--muted); }
.eyebrow { color: var(--crimson); font-size: .78rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase; }

.intro { max-width: 920px; margin: 0 auto 2.5rem; font-size: 1.15rem; }
.focus-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 1rem; margin-top: 1.1rem; }
.focus-card { position: relative; min-height: 235px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: .85rem; padding: 1.5rem; background: #fff; box-shadow: 0 0 0 rgba(0,0,0,0); transition: transform .18s, box-shadow .18s, border-color .18s; }
.focus-card:hover { transform: translateY(-3px); border-color: rgba(138,21,56,.45); box-shadow: var(--shadow); }
.focus-number { color: var(--crimson); font-size: .78rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .12em; }
.focus-card h3 { margin: .85rem 0 .6rem; font-size: 1.15rem; }
.focus-card p { color: var(--muted); font-size: .92rem; }

.news-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 1rem; margin-top: 1rem; }
.news-card { border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: .75rem; padding: 1.15rem; text-decoration: none; color: var(--ink); }
.news-card:hover { border-color: rgba(138,21,56,.45); box-shadow: var(--shadow); }
.news-date { color: var(--crimson); font-size: .76rem; font-weight: 700; }
.news-card h3 { margin: .4rem 0; }

.member-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(210px, 1fr)); gap: 1.4rem; margin-top: 1.5rem; }
.member-card { border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: .8rem; padding: 1.3rem; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; color: var(--ink); }
.member-card:hover { border-color: rgba(138,21,56,.45); box-shadow: var(--shadow); }
.member-avatar, .member-photo { width: 160px; height: 160px; border-radius: 50%; object-fit: cover; margin: 0 auto 1rem; }
.member-placeholder { display: grid; place-items: center; background: var(--crimson-soft); color: var(--crimson); font-size: 3rem; font-weight: 700; }
.member-role { color: var(--muted); }
.member-hero { display: flex; gap: 1.8rem; align-items: center; margin: 3rem 0; }

.bibliography { list-style: none; padding: 0; }
.bibliography li { padding: 1rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.bibliography li::before { content: ""; display: inline-block; width: 5px; height: 5px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--crimson); margin: 0 .65rem .15rem 0; }

.site-footer { background: #f6f4f5; border-top: 1px solid rgba(138,21,56,.15); }
.footer-inner { max-width: var(--max); margin: 0 auto; padding: 1.6rem 1.25rem; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 2rem; color: #555; font-size: .83rem; }
.footer-title { color: var(--crimson); font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 700; }
.footer-right { align-self: end; }

@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .brand-text small { display: none; }
  .nav-toggle { display: block; }
  .nav-links { display: none; position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0; top: 100%; flex-direction: column; align-items: stretch; gap: .25rem; background: #fff; padding: .7rem 1rem 1rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
  .nav-links.open { display: flex; }
  .nav-links .nav-join { margin-left: 0; }
  .focus-grid, .news-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .member-hero { align-items: flex-start; }
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .brand-text { display: none; }
  .hero { min-height: 500px; }
  .hero-content { padding-block: 4rem; }
  .member-hero { flex-direction: column; }
  .footer-inner { flex-direction: column; }
  .footer-right { align-self: auto; }
}

/* MAS Lab v2 additions */
.brand-logo {
  display: block;
  width: 300px;
  max-width: 42vw;
  height: 54px;
  object-fit: contain;
  object-position: left center;
}
.hero-mark {
  width: 185px;
  max-width: 45vw;
  margin: 0 auto .8rem;
  mix-blend-mode: multiply;
}
.hero-copy-ko {
  max-width: 760px;
  margin: .75rem auto 0;
  color: #606060;
  font-family: "Noto Sans KR", Inter, sans-serif;
  font-size: .94rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
}
.ko-summary, .research-ko, .card-ko, [lang="ko"] {
  font-family: "Noto Sans KR", Inter, sans-serif;
  word-break: keep-all;
}
.ko-summary {
  margin: 1rem 0 1.8rem;
  padding: 1rem 1.15rem;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--crimson);
  background: #fbf7f8;
  color: #4e4e4e;
  font-size: .95rem;
}
.card-ko {
  margin-top: 1rem;
  padding-top: .9rem;
  border-top: 1px solid #eee;
  color: #666 !important;
  font-size: .84rem !important;
}
.research-ko {
  margin-top: .65rem;
  color: #666;
  font-size: .91rem;
}
.student-callout {
  margin: 3rem 0 1rem;
  padding: 1.8rem 2rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 2rem;
  border-radius: .9rem;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #fbf7f8, #f4e7ec);
  border: 1px solid rgba(138,21,56,.16);
}
.student-callout h2 { margin: .35rem 0 .5rem; max-width: 750px; }
.student-callout p { margin: 0; max-width: 760px; color: #555; }
.member-profile { max-width: var(--max); }
.member-profile .prose { max-width: 860px; }
.member-profile .member-photo { flex: 0 0 auto; }

@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .brand-logo { width: 220px; height: 44px; max-width: 58vw; }
  .student-callout { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; }
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .brand-logo { width: 190px; max-width: 66vw; }
  .hero-mark { width: 150px; }
}

/* =========================================================
   MAS Lab v3: scientific imagery, profile, research gallery
   ========================================================= */

/* Split hero with publication imagery */
.hero.hero-split {
  min-height: 650px;
  display: block;
}
.hero.hero-split .hero-media {
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 85% 18%, rgba(138,21,56,.13), transparent 28%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 8% 78%, rgba(138,21,56,.07), transparent 30%),
    linear-gradient(135deg, #ffffff 0%, #fbf8f9 52%, #f3e5ea 100%);
}
.hero-shell {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  max-width: 1220px;
  min-height: 650px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 4.5rem 1.4rem 4rem;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.02fr) minmax(430px, .98fr);
  gap: 4rem;
  align-items: center;
}
.hero-copy-block { max-width: 650px; }
.hero-copy-block .hero-mark {
  width: 125px;
  max-width: 28vw;
  margin: 0 0 1.15rem;
}
.hero-copy-block .hero-kicker { margin-bottom: .6rem; }
.hero-copy-block h1 {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--crimson);
  font-size: clamp(4.2rem, 8vw, 7.4rem);
  line-height: .9;
  letter-spacing: -.065em;
}
.hero-copy-block .hero-subtitle {
  max-width: 580px;
  margin: 1rem 0 1.1rem;
  font-size: clamp(1.15rem, 2.1vw, 1.72rem);
}
.hero-copy-block .hero-copy,
.hero-copy-block .hero-copy-ko { margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; }
.hero-copy-block .hero-actions { justify-content: flex-start; }

.hero-science {
  position: relative;
  min-height: 520px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  grid-template-rows: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)) auto;
  gap: .85rem;
}
.hero-tile {
  position: relative;
  margin: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  border-radius: 1rem;
  background: #111;
  box-shadow: 0 18px 52px rgba(45,0,14,.15);
  border: 1px solid rgba(138,21,56,.12);
}
.hero-tile img {
  width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; display: block;
  transition: transform .45s ease;
}
.hero-tile:hover img { transform: scale(1.025); }
.hero-tile figcaption {
  position: absolute;
  left: .8rem; bottom: .7rem;
  padding: .34rem .55rem;
  border-radius: .38rem;
  color: #fff;
  background: rgba(30,10,16,.74);
  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  font-size: .72rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .04em;
}
.hero-focus-photoacoustic img { object-fit: cover; object-position: center; }
.hero-focus-radiacoustic img { object-fit: cover; object-position: center 42%; }
.hero-focus-ai img { object-fit: cover; object-position: center top; }
.hero-focus-biomarker img { object-fit: cover; object-position: center; }
.hero-credit {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  margin: .1rem .1rem 0;
  color: #777;
  font-size: .68rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

/* Research focus cards with images */
.focus-grid-visual { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0,1fr)); align-items: stretch; }
.focus-card-visual { padding: 0; overflow: hidden; min-height: 420px; }
.focus-card-visual .focus-image {
  width: 100%; height: 185px; object-fit: cover; display: block;
  background: #111;
}
.focus-card-visual:nth-child(2) .focus-image { object-fit: contain; padding: .35rem; background: #f7f7f7; }
.focus-card-visual:nth-child(3) .focus-image { object-position: center top; }
.focus-card-visual:nth-child(4) .focus-image { object-position: center; }
.focus-body { padding: 1.35rem 1.45rem 1.45rem; }

/* Highlight cards on home */
.highlight-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0,1fr));
  gap: 1.15rem;
  margin-top: 1.15rem;
}
.highlight-card {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 42% 58%;
  min-height: 235px;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: .9rem;
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: transform .18s, box-shadow .18s, border-color .18s;
}
.highlight-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  border-color: rgba(138,21,56,.45);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}
.highlight-card > img { width: 100%; height: 100%; min-height: 235px; object-fit: cover; background: #111; }
.highlight-card:nth-child(3) > img { object-position: center top; }
.highlight-card:nth-child(4) > img { object-fit: contain; background: #f7f7f7; padding: .35rem; }
.highlight-body { padding: 1.15rem 1.2rem; }
.highlight-body > span { color: var(--crimson); font-size: .7rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .08em; }
.highlight-body h3 { margin: .45rem 0 .55rem; font-size: 1.08rem; }
.highlight-body p { margin: 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: .86rem; line-height: 1.55; }

/* Research page */
.research-page { max-width: 1180px; }
.research-lead { max-width: 900px; font-size: 1.12rem; color: #3f3f3f; }
.research-band {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.04fr .96fr;
  gap: 2.3rem;
  align-items: center;
  margin: 3.5rem 0;
  padding: 1.25rem;
  border-radius: 1rem;
  background: #faf9f9;
  border: 1px solid rgba(138,21,56,.09);
}
.research-band.reverse .research-band-media { order: 2; }
.research-band.reverse .research-band-copy { order: 1; }
.research-band-media {
  overflow: hidden;
  border-radius: .8rem;
  background: #111;
  min-height: 320px;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
}
.research-band-media > img { width: 100%; height: 100%; max-height: 410px; object-fit: cover; display: block; }
.research-band:nth-of-type(2) .research-band-media > img { object-fit: contain; padding: .45rem; background: #f3f3f3; }
.research-band:nth-of-type(3) .research-band-media > img { object-position: center top; }
.dual-media { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.15fr; gap: .45rem; background: #080808; padding: .45rem; }
.dual-media > img { min-width: 0; object-fit: cover; border-radius: .45rem; }
.research-band-copy { padding: .7rem .5rem; }
.research-band-copy h2 { margin: .45rem 0 .75rem; font-size: clamp(1.55rem,2.5vw,2.05rem); }
.research-band-copy p { color: #555; }

.representative-work { scroll-margin-top: 90px; padding-top: .5rem; }
.work-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));
  gap: 1.25rem;
  margin-top: 1.2rem;
}
.work-card {
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: .9rem;
  background: #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 rgba(0,0,0,0);
}
.work-card > img {
  width: 100%; height: 280px; display: block; object-fit: cover; background: #111;
}
.work-card:nth-child(2) > img { object-position: center top; }
.work-card:nth-child(4) > img,
.work-card:nth-child(5) > img,
.work-card:nth-child(6) > img,
.work-card:nth-child(8) > img { object-fit: contain; background: #f7f7f7; padding: .45rem; }
.work-body { padding: 1.3rem 1.35rem 1.4rem; }
.work-tag { color: var(--crimson); font-size: .7rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .1em; }
.work-body h3 { margin: .45rem 0 .55rem; font-size: 1.15rem; }
.work-body p { margin: 0 0 .8rem; color: #555; font-size: .9rem; }
.work-body a { font-weight: 650; text-decoration: none; font-size: .88rem; }
.work-body small { display: block; margin-top: .9rem; color: #888; font-size: .68rem; line-height: 1.45; }

/* People and PI profile */
.member-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(230px, 1fr)); }
.member-card { padding: 1rem 1rem 1.25rem; }
.member-avatar {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 225px;
  height: 280px;
  border-radius: .75rem;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center 24%;
  margin: 0 auto 1rem;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 28px rgba(0,0,0,.08);
}
.member-hero-profile {
  align-items: center;
  gap: 3.2rem;
  padding: 1.5rem;
  border-radius: 1rem;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg,#fff 20%,#fbf6f8 100%);
  border: 1px solid rgba(138,21,56,.11);
}
.member-photo-profile {
  width: 280px;
  height: 350px;
  border-radius: .9rem;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center top;
  margin: 0;
  flex: 0 0 280px;
  box-shadow: 0 18px 42px rgba(42,0,12,.12);
}
.member-identity { min-width: 0; }
.member-identity h1 { margin: .3rem 0 .45rem; }
.member-role-large { font-size: 1.08rem; color: var(--crimson); font-weight: 650; }
.member-affiliation { margin: .35rem 0 1rem; color: #555; }
.member-links { display: flex; gap: .7rem; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.member-links a {
  padding: .42rem .75rem;
  border: 1px solid rgba(138,21,56,.35);
  border-radius: .4rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: .83rem;
}
.member-short-ko {
  max-width: 580px;
  margin: 1.1rem 0 0;
  color: #626262;
  font-size: .9rem;
}
.member-bio { max-width: 960px !important; }
.timeline { margin: 1rem 0 2rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.timeline-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 145px 1fr;
  gap: 1rem;
  padding: 1rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.timeline-item > strong { color: var(--crimson); }
.education-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));
  gap: 1rem;
  margin: 1rem 0 2rem;
}
.education-card {
  padding: 1.15rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: .75rem;
  background: #fafafa;
}
.education-card > span { color: var(--crimson); font-size: .75rem; font-weight: 700; }
.education-card h3 { margin: .35rem 0 .6rem; }
.education-card p { margin: .35rem 0; font-size: .88rem; color: #555; }

/* Publication overview */
.publication-summary {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3,1fr);
  gap: .8rem;
  margin: 1.5rem 0 2rem;
}
.publication-summary > div {
  padding: 1rem 1.1rem;
  border-radius: .7rem;
  background: #faf7f8;
  border: 1px solid rgba(138,21,56,.12);
}
.publication-summary strong { display: block; color: var(--crimson); font-size: 1.45rem; line-height: 1.2; }
.publication-summary span { display: block; color: #666; font-size: .78rem; margin-top: .3rem; }

@media (max-width: 980px) {
  .hero-shell { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 2.4rem; padding-top: 3.5rem; }
  .hero-copy-block { max-width: 760px; }
  .hero-science { min-height: 460px; max-width: 760px; width: 100%; }
  .highlight-grid, .work-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .research-band, .research-band.reverse { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .research-band.reverse .research-band-media, .research-band.reverse .research-band-copy { order: initial; }
  .education-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}

@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .hero-shell { padding: 3rem 1.15rem; }
  .hero-copy-block h1 { font-size: clamp(3.7rem,20vw,5.2rem); }
  .hero-science { min-height: 440px; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  .hero-tile figcaption { font-size: .62rem; }
  .highlight-card { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .highlight-card > img { height: 230px; min-height: 0; }
  .member-hero-profile { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; gap: 1.5rem; }
  .member-photo-profile { width: min(100%,320px); height: auto; aspect-ratio: 4/5; flex-basis: auto; }
  .timeline-item { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: .25rem; }
  .publication-summary { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .work-card > img { height: 230px; }
}

@media (max-width: 520px) {
  .hero-science { min-height: 610px; grid-template-columns: 1fr; grid-template-rows: repeat(4, 135px) auto; }
  .hero-credit { font-size: .62rem; }
  .dual-media { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .focus-grid-visual { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .focus-card-visual .focus-image { height: 170px; }
}


/* =========================================================
   MAS Lab v3.2: publication highlights, recognition, collaborators
   ========================================================= */

/* Publications: one continuous paragraph per paper */
.publication-title,
.publication-authors,
.publication-meta {
  display: inline;
  margin-top: 0;
}
.publication-title::after,
.publication-authors::after {
  content: " ";
}
.publication-note {
  display: inline-flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: .35rem;
  margin-left: .45rem;
  vertical-align: baseline;
}
.pub-badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  padding: .19rem .47rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(138,21,56,.22);
  background: #fbf3f6;
  color: var(--crimson);
  font-size: .67rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.2;
  letter-spacing: .015em;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.author-mark {
  color: var(--crimson);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: .72em;
  margin-left: .05em;
}

/* Publication cover showcase */
.publication-showcase {
  margin: 2.4rem 0 2.5rem;
}
.compact-head { margin-bottom: .9rem; }
.cover-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0,1fr));
  gap: 1rem;
}
.cover-card {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  min-width: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  border-radius: .9rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(20,0,6,.05);
  transition: transform .18s ease, box-shadow .18s ease, border-color .18s ease;
}
.cover-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  border-color: rgba(138,21,56,.35);
  box-shadow: 0 14px 34px rgba(55,0,16,.10);
}
.cover-card > img {
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 3 / 4;
  object-fit: contain;
  display: block;
  background: #f6f6f6;
}
.cover-copy { padding: 1rem 1.05rem 1.1rem; }
.cover-copy h3 { margin: .55rem 0 .4rem; font-size: .98rem; }
.cover-copy p { margin: 0; color: #666; font-size: .8rem; line-height: 1.45; }

.recognition-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0,1fr));
  gap: .8rem;
  margin-top: 1rem;
}
.recognition-card {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: .85rem;
  padding: 1rem 1.05rem;
  border-radius: .8rem;
  border: 1px solid rgba(138,21,56,.12);
  background: linear-gradient(135deg,#fff 0%,#fbf5f7 100%);
}
.recognition-icon {
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  flex: 0 0 2rem;
  width: 2rem;
  height: 2rem;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--crimson);
  color: #fff;
  font-size: .85rem;
}
.recognition-card strong { color: var(--crimson); font-size: .88rem; }
.recognition-card p { margin: .28rem 0 0; color: #666; font-size: .79rem; line-height: 1.45; }

.work-awards {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: .35rem;
  margin-top: .75rem;
}

/* Research collaborator network */
.home-collaborators,
.collaborators-section {
  margin-top: 3rem;
}
.collab-intro { max-width: 840px; color: #555; }
.collab-intro-ko { margin-top: -.2rem; }
.collab-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0,1fr));
  gap: .8rem;
  margin-top: 1rem;
}
.collab-card {
  min-height: 120px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  gap: .65rem;
  padding: 1.15rem .85rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: .8rem;
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
  text-align: center;
  transition: transform .18s ease, border-color .18s ease, box-shadow .18s ease;
}
.collab-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  border-color: rgba(138,21,56,.3);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 26px rgba(30,0,8,.07);
}
.collab-logo {
  display: block;
  max-width: min(100%, 210px);
  width: auto;
  height: auto;
  max-height: 64px;
  object-fit: contain;
}
.collab-card > span {
  color: #777;
  font-size: .72rem;
  line-height: 1.3;
}
.collab-stanford .collab-logo { max-height: 72px; }
.collab-postech .collab-logo { max-width: 220px; }
.collab-snuh .collab-logo { max-width: 190px; }
.collab-disclaimer {
  margin-top: .75rem;
  color: #8a8a8a;
  font-size: .7rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .cover-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0,1fr)); }
  .collab-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0,1fr)); }
}
@media (max-width: 620px) {
  .cover-grid,
  .recognition-grid,
  .collab-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .cover-card > img { aspect-ratio: auto; max-height: 520px; }
  .publication-note { margin-left: .15rem; margin-top: .22rem; }
}

.pi-author,
.pi-author u {
  color: var(--crimson) !important;
}

/* Recruiting card in People page */
.recruiting-card {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 2rem 1.6rem;
}

.recruiting-title {
  display: block;
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.recruiting-positions {
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.55;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.recruiting-description {
  line-height: 1.6;
  margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
}

.recruiting-ko {
  color: #777;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  line-height: 1.65;
  margin-bottom: 1.3rem;
}

.recruiting-link {
  color: var(--crimson);
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-top: 0.3rem;
}

/* =========================================================
   JOIN MAS LAB
   ========================================================= */

.join-page {
  max-width: 1120px;
}


/* ---------- Hero ---------- */

.join-hero {
  margin-bottom: 4.5rem;
}

.join-hero h1 {
  max-width: 820px;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.join-lead {
  max-width: 900px;
  font-size: 1.08rem;
  line-height: 1.8;
  color: #444;
}

.join-ko-intro {
  margin-top: 1.6rem;
  padding: 1.15rem 1.3rem;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--crimson);
  background: rgba(138, 21, 56, 0.045);
  color: #626262;
  line-height: 1.8;
}

.join-ko-intro strong {
  color: #444;
}


/* ---------- Sections ---------- */

.join-section {
  margin: 4.5rem 0;
}

.section-kicker {
  margin: 0 0 .55rem;
  color: var(--crimson);
  font-size: .76rem;
  font-weight: 750;
  letter-spacing: .14em;
}

.join-section h2 {
  margin-top: 0;
  margin-bottom: .8rem;
}

.section-intro {
  max-width: 760px;
  color: #666;
  line-height: 1.7;
  margin-bottom: 1.8rem;
}


/* ---------- Project Tracks ---------- */

.project-track-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 1.15rem;
}

.project-track-card {
  position: relative;
  padding: 1.7rem 1.7rem 1.55rem;
  border: 1px solid #e5d4da;
  border-radius: 16px;
  background: #fff;
  transition:
    transform .2s ease,
    box-shadow .2s ease,
    border-color .2s ease;
}

.project-track-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  border-color: rgba(138, 21, 56, .45);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 28px rgba(40, 20, 28, .07);
}

.project-track-number {
  margin-bottom: .85rem;
  color: var(--crimson);
  font-size: .76rem;
  font-weight: 750;
  letter-spacing: .12em;
}

.project-track-card h3 {
  margin: 0 0 .65rem;
  font-size: 1.12rem;
}

.project-track-card p {
  margin: 0;
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: #555;
}

.project-track-card .project-track-ko {
  margin-top: .85rem;
  padding-top: .8rem;
  border-top: 1px solid #eee;
  color: #777;
  font-size: .9rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
}


/* ---------- Good-fit section ---------- */

.join-fit-section {
  padding-top: .3rem;
}

.interest-tags {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: .6rem;
  margin: 1.4rem 0 1.5rem;
}

.interest-tags span {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: .55rem .8rem;
  border: 1px solid #eadce1;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: #faf6f7;
  color: #484848;
  font-size: .88rem;
}

.join-ko-text {
  color: #777;
  line-height: 1.75;
}


/* ---------- Application ---------- */

.apply-card {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.6fr) minmax(260px, .7fr);
  gap: 2.5rem;
  align-items: center;

  padding: 2.1rem 2.2rem;
  border-radius: 18px;
  background:
    linear-gradient(
      135deg,
      rgba(138, 21, 56, .045),
      rgba(138, 21, 56, .085)
    );
  border: 1px solid rgba(138, 21, 56, .17);
}

.apply-card h2 {
  margin-bottom: .8rem;
}

.apply-card p {
  line-height: 1.75;
}

.apply-contact {
  padding-left: 2rem;
  border-left: 1px solid rgba(138, 21, 56, .18);
}

.apply-contact-label {
  display: block;
  color: var(--crimson);
  font-size: .72rem;
  font-weight: 750;
  letter-spacing: .13em;
  margin-bottom: .55rem;
}

.apply-email {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
  color: #333;
  font-size: .98rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-decoration: none;
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.apply-email:hover {
  color: var(--crimson);
}

.join-email-button {
  display: inline-block;
}


/* ---------- Mobile ---------- */

@media (max-width: 760px) {

  .project-track-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .apply-card {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 1.5rem;
    padding: 1.6rem;
  }

  .apply-contact {
    padding-left: 0;
    padding-top: 1.3rem;
    border-left: 0;
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(138, 21, 56, .18);
  }

}


/* People card hobbies and PI teaching */
.member-hobbies {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: .38rem;
  margin-top: .65rem;
  color: #777;
  font-size: .76rem;
  line-height: 1.4;
}
.member-hobbies span {
  color: var(--crimson);
  font-size: .82rem;
}
.teaching-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 1rem;
  margin: 1rem 0 2rem;
}
.teaching-card {
  padding: 1.2rem 1.3rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: .75rem;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #fff 0%, #fbf6f8 100%);
}
.teaching-card > span {
  color: var(--crimson);
  font-size: .72rem;
  font-weight: 750;
  letter-spacing: .11em;
}
.teaching-card h3 { margin: .35rem 0 .65rem; }
.teaching-card ul { margin: 0; padding-left: 1.15rem; color: #555; }
.teaching-card li + li { margin-top: .25rem; }

@media (max-width: 620px) {
  .teaching-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}


/* =========================================================
   NEWS: image-led cards and article pages
   ========================================================= */

.news-page-lead {
  max-width: 720px;
  margin: -.4rem 0 1.8rem;
  color: #626262;
  font-size: 1rem;
}
.news-card {
  padding: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  background: #fff;
  transition: transform .18s ease, border-color .18s ease, box-shadow .18s ease;
}
.news-card:hover { transform: translateY(-3px); }
.news-card-media {
  aspect-ratio: 4 / 3;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: #f3f1f2;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.news-card-media img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  display: block;
  object-fit: cover;
  transition: transform .35s ease;
}
.news-card:hover .news-card-media img { transform: scale(1.025); }
.news-card-body {
  display: flex;
  flex: 1;
  flex-direction: column;
  padding: 1.15rem 1.2rem 1.25rem;
}
.news-card-text-only .news-card-body { min-height: 220px; }
.news-card .muted { font-size: .9rem; line-height: 1.6; }
.news-read-more {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: auto;
  padding-top: 1rem;
  color: var(--crimson);
  font-size: .8rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.news-article {
  max-width: 900px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 3.5rem 1.25rem 5rem;
}
.news-article-header { max-width: 820px; margin-bottom: 2rem; }
.news-article-header h1 { margin: .55rem 0 .8rem; }
.news-article-subtitle {
  max-width: 760px;
  margin: 0;
  color: #626262;
  font-size: 1.08rem;
  line-height: 1.65;
}
.news-hero-image {
  margin: 0 0 2.3rem;
  overflow: hidden;
  border-radius: 1rem;
  border: 1px solid rgba(138,21,56,.12);
  background: #f3f1f2;
  box-shadow: 0 16px 42px rgba(40,0,12,.08);
}
.news-hero-image img {
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 4 / 3;
  display: block;
  object-fit: cover;
}
.news-hero-image figcaption {
  padding: .7rem .95rem;
  color: #777;
  background: #fff;
  font-size: .75rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
}
.news-article-content {
  max-width: 780px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  color: #3f3f3f;
  font-size: 1.02rem;
}
.news-article-content p { margin: 0 0 1.3rem; }
.news-ko {
  margin: 2rem 0;
  padding: 1.25rem 1.35rem;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--crimson);
  background: #fbf7f8;
  color: #5d5d5d;
  font-size: .94rem;
  line-height: 1.8;
}
.news-ko p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
.news-back-link {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: 2.3rem;
  color: var(--crimson);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: .88rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}

@media (max-width: 620px) {
  .news-article { padding-top: 2.6rem; }
  .news-hero-image { border-radius: .75rem; }
  .news-article-subtitle { font-size: 1rem; }
}


/* Inline photography within News stories */
.news-inline-figure {
  margin: 2.2rem 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  border-radius: .9rem;
  border: 1px solid rgba(138,21,56,.12);
  background: #f5f3f4;
}
.news-inline-figure a {
  display: block;
  line-height: 0;
}
.news-inline-figure img {
  width: 100%;
  display: block;
  aspect-ratio: 4 / 3;
  object-fit: cover;
}
.news-inline-figure figcaption {
  padding: .72rem .9rem;
  color: #777;
  background: #fff;
  font-size: .75rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
}
.news-ko p + p { margin-top: .9rem; }